This session seeks to facilitate a discussion and dialogue on the future of special and differential (S&D) treatment in the WTO. The principle of S&D requires all WTO members to safeguard the trade interests of developing countries. In recent years, however, we have witnessed an increasing number of calls for reforming S&D. In particular, WTO members disagree on who should hold the developing country status and what fair treatment consists of. Reform proposals range from the introduction of clear-cut criteria to classify developing/developed country members to more flexible approaches that identify WTO members in need of S&D on a case-by-base basis. In this session, we discuss these recent reform proposals from the perspectives of policy-makers, civil society and academia and seek to identify possible ways forward. At the same time, we provide a space for dialogue and exchange on the governance of economic development in the world trade regime.