Trade can have both positive and negative effects on the environment. While economic growth through trade can lead to increased pollution and the depletion of natural resources, trade can also improve the efficiency of resource use and provide access to new technologies that make local production processes more environment friendly.

The number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) has grown significantly since 1995, with increasing references to sustainable development and the inclusion of environmental provisions (ERPs), some of which relate to agriculture, fisheries, and forestry (Ag-ERPs). While RTAs have the potential to address environmental challenges and advance the environmental agenda, there are concerns about whether they are the best approach to improving global environmental practices.

The panel will discuss the evolution of the inclusion of ERPs and Ag-ERPs in RTAs, their effectiveness in mitigating environmental impacts, particularly greenhouse gas emissions related to agriculture, and the challenges for policymakers. The panel will also discuss whether a multilateral approach would be more effective in addressing global environmental concerns through trade.